Mixed Dynamism of Relief in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Historical Actualities of Fundraising Campaigns

Abstract

This paper is an attempt to understand part of the mixed forms of discourse and practice surrounding relief generated by Ottoman modernization, particularly as a partial case study of the various phases from the end of the 19th century onward, from within the various aspects of relief in the Ottoman Empire. Section I states the analytical perspective of this paper, specifically, it offers a variation of the “mixed econ-omy of welfare” theory, namely, the “mixed dynamism of relief”. Section II focuses on fundraising campaigns through newspapers and magazines that were organized in the Ottoman Empire in the latter half of the 19th century, and discusses the new forms of relief that developed from within the mixed conditions of relief within the context of Ottoman modernization.